案例库 · 战略与领导 · 战略决策 · 2002
这条还没译成中文，下面是英文原文。
Wenzhou lighter makers pooled funds to beat EU dumping suit
Wenzhou lighter makers, facing an EU anti-dumping suit too costly for any one factory, pooled 2m yuan into a joint defense and won.
Association of Lighter Producers in Wenzhou
那一手
On June 28, 2002 the EU launched an anti-dumping investigation into refillable pocket lighters from China, acting on a complaint from European lighter manufacturers who supplied roughly a third of a market Wenzhou's factories dominated. A finding against China would have meant tariffs steep enough to price Wenzhou lighters out of Europe, and the city's roughly 500 producers had already spent a decade losing ground in the US after a 1994 safety law effectively shut most of them out there. Any one factory could try to defend itself before the EU, but a full anti-dumping defense — economists, tra
Fighting alone also meant fighting badly: EU investigators evaluate the industry as a whole, so one factory's isolated defense couldn't establish facts about production costs or market structure across dozens of competitors, and a scattered response left the field to whichever European narrative the complainants offered unchallenged. Wenzhou's factories were, by ordinary market logic, rivals undercutting each other on price every day.
为什么管用
- The EU ruling would hit the whole industry, so every factory had a stake in the defense.
- Pooling spread the cost thin, making it affordable for each small factory.
- A coordinated defense gave EU investigators a coherent industry position, strengthening the case.
- The pooled fund allowed hiring top lawyers and economists, which no single factory could afford.
可以搬走什么
When a shared threat costs more than any single firm can bear, rivals can pool resources to fight it collectively, turning a free-rider problem into collective insurance.
后来呢
In July 2003 the European Federation of Lighter Manufacturers withdrew its complaint roughly ten days before the EU's final determination was due, and the EU confirmed it would close the case without imposing duties. It was reported as the first time Chinese manufacturers had defeated a European anti-dumping action since China's 2001 WTO accession — a result the pooled defense fund made possible for an industry where no single factory could have carried the cost alone.
资料来源
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