案例库 · 战略与领导 · 战略决策 · 1997–1998
这条还没译成中文，下面是英文原文。
The residency match changed whose preferences drive the algorithm
In 1998 the NRMP switched to an applicant-proposing algorithm, giving students their best stable outcome and restoring trust in the match.
NRMP
那一手
By the mid-1990s medical students distrusted the National Resident Matching Program, which paired them with hospitals every year. Critics said the hospital-proposing algorithm served institutions, and students discussed gaming their preference lists.
In autumn 1995 the NRMP board retained economist Alvin Roth to evaluate the algorithm and design alternatives. His team built and computationally tested an applicant-proposing algorithm, completing the study in late 1996.
The board voted on 5 May 1997 to adopt the new algorithm, and the first match with it ran in 1998. Roth and Elliott Peranson later described how the design handled complementarities between applicants and positions that simple matching theory ignores.
Student groups welcomed the change as restoring faith in the system. The redesign became a landmark in market design: a matching mechanism chosen not only for efficiency, but for whose interests it visibly serves.
为什么管用
- An applicant-proposing algorithm makes truthful preference lists a safe strategy for students.
- Computational testing showed stable outcomes survive even when couples and other complications break the simple theory.
- The visible choice of whose side the algorithm favors rebuilt the trust that participation depends on.
可以搬走什么
Trust is part of the mechanism. The switch to an applicant-proposing algorithm changed little visibly, but removed students' reason to distrust the match — and restored participation.
后来呢
The student-proposing algorithm remains in use, and the NRMP redesign helped establish matching theory as applied economics — work for which Roth later shared the Nobel Prize.
资料来源
- Design Review of the National Resident Matching Program
- The Redesign of the Matching Market for American Physicians: Some Engineering Aspects of Economic Design
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