案例库 · 战略与领导 · 战略决策 · 2003
这条还没译成中文，下面是英文原文。
London charged drivers £5 a day to enter the centre and traffic sped up 15%.
In 2003 London charged a flat daily fee for central-road space; within three months speeds rose about 15% and traffic in the zone fell.
Transport for London · Greater London Authority
那一手
For thirty years traffic had slowed in central London as road space stayed fixed while demand grew. Rather than build through the city or ration by regulation, Mayor Ken Livingstone chose to price it.
On a weekday in February 2003 a £5 daily charge began for driving in the central zone, enforced by automatic number-plate cameras. Transport for London measured the result over eleven weeks: average speeds in the centre rose from 15 to 16.5 km/h and to 17.25 km/h near the fringe, a gain of up to 15% that reversed a 30-year slowdown.
The charge prices the scarce commodity, peak road space, and lets each driver decide whether the trip is worth it.
为什么管用
- Pricing the externality internalizes the cost a driver imposes on everyone else.
- Camera-based charging costs far less than building new road capacity.
- Because it is a usage charge, it does not penalize car ownership in the suburbs.
- Revenue funds public transport, giving drivers a real alternative to switch to.
可以搬走什么
For congestion, do not ban or tax cars in general: price the specific scarce moment of road use, and let drivers decide how to avoid it; the revenue can buy the alternative.
后来呢
The initial charge cut traffic in the zone, but the effect eroded as population and activity grew, and the charge rose over the years to £18 (or £21 when paid late) by 2026. The pricing logic spread to emissions through the Ultra Low Emission Zone, and the scheme became the model that Stockholm, Milan and others copied.
资料来源
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