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The encyclopedia · Engineering & Operations · Operational decision · 2015–2017

Western Digital optimized which plants get the right to make each part

Qualifying a site to make a product takes months; Western Digital used a multi-stage stochastic program to choose qualifications and cut lost sales.

Western Digital

the move

Western Digital makes thousands of products across a global Silicon Operations network, and each product must be qualified at a site before it can be made there. Qualification takes months and hundreds of engineering hours.

The obvious choices are bad: qualify each product at only one site, leaving no fallback, or qualify it everywhere, spending a fortune on redundant qualification.

The move was a mixed-integer stochastic program with multiple stages of recourse. It decides which sites qualify each product, weighing both expected demand and demand uncertainty, solved with a greedy heuristic plus a linear programming solver.

Deployed in the first quarter of 2015 and run as a quarterly process, it streamlined the decision and produced substantial savings from fewer shortages and less wasted qualification effort.

why it works

  • Qualification is slow and costly, so you cannot wait to see demand before deciding.
  • Demand is uncertain, so the choice must weigh expected demand and the risk of a shortfall.
  • Multiple stages of recourse let the plan revise site choices as uncertainty resolves.
  • Having alternate qualified sites turns a potential shortage into a routing change.
the payoffPre-qualify sites to shift demand when it spikesclever

what transfers

When you cannot react quickly, buy the option to react. Pre-qualifying a second source is slow and expensive, but it converts a would-be shortage into a routine re-routing instead of a lost sale.

what came after

Western Digital deployed the model from the first quarter of 2015 and institutionalized a quarterly site-qualification review, streamlining the decision process and crediting the tool with substantial savings in lost sales and qualification effort.

references

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