案例库 · 研发与科研 · 技术决策 · 2007-2009
这条还没译成中文，下面是英文原文。
Kidney donors kept the chain alive by donating after their recipient.
In 2007 an altruistic donor started a ten-transplant kidney chain where donors gave after their own recipient, not all at once.
Alliance for Paired Donation
那一手
In a paired kidney exchange, an incompatible donor-recipient pair swaps with another pair, and everyone usually operates at the same time so no one can renege. That simultaneity limits how many pairs can join, because getting enough operating rooms and people together at once is hard.
The Alliance for Paired Donation instead began a chain in July 2007 from a single altruistic donor, and trusted each paired donor to donate only after their own recipient had been transplanted. Five surgeries were simultaneous; in the other five, bridge donors continued the chain up to five months later.
The result was a ten-transplant chain across six centers in five states, coordinated by two registries over eight months, with no donor reneging. Economists including Alvin Roth shaped the matching; computer scientists built the optimizer that found the chain.
为什么管用
- Simultaneity required many operating rooms and made large chains impractical
- A donor trusts an ideal, so they will still donate after their recipient is safe
- One altruistic donor can seed a whole chain of transplants
- Better matches also yield higher-quality kidneys that last longer
可以搬走什么
Remove the simultaneity constraint and a matching market unlocks far more trades; the trick is designing trust so a later commitment is still honoured.
后来呢
By the time the chain was reported in 2009, the Alliance for Paired Donation had started six NEAD chains producing 19 transplants, with 13 bridge donors and none reneging. The approach helped national registries grow chains into their signature way of serving hard-to-match patients.
资料来源
- A nonsimultaneous, extended, altruistic-donor chain
- 'Pay It Forward' Approach Creates Chain Of Ten Kidney Transplants
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