案例库 · 战略与领导 · 战略决策 · 1980–2022
这条还没译成中文，下面是英文原文。
Montgomery County downzoned farmland but gave landowners development rights to sell.
Montgomery County downzoned 93,000 acres but granted tradeable development rights, so conservation pays farmers and growth is steered.
Montgomery County, Maryland
那一手
The farmland around Washington, D.C. was being converted by development, and simple downzoning would have taken value from farmers without compensating them.
So in 1980 Montgomery County created a 93,000-acre Agricultural Reserve with a density drop to one home per 25 acres, and paired it with a market: one transferable development right per five acres, sellable to developers who wanted extra density in designated growth areas.
Farmers could sell their rights and keep farming, and developers got room to build where services already existed. Over four decades the Reserve covered almost a third of the county's land and the TDR market enabled about 70,000 acres to stay farmland through private transactions.
为什么管用
- A tradeable right compensates the landowner for the downzoning instead of confiscating value
- The market directs growth to places already served by roads and sewers
- Because it is voluntary and market-priced, it avoids the courtroom fight of simple zoning
可以搬走什么
When a rule takes value, give owners a tradeable right to recoup it; the compensation becomes a market that does the conservation without a fight or a buyout.
后来呢
The Agricultural Reserve is now held up as one of the most studied and copied land-conservation policies in the US. Roughly 10,000 TDRs were created and about 7,000 sold, more than 500 working farms remain, and the county added a Building Lot Termination Program in 2008 to extinguish the last buildable right on some parcels.
资料来源
- Agricultural Reserve APA Planning Landmark Award
- How Reverse Game Theory Could Solve The Housing Shortage
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