案例库 · 软件与 IT · 战略决策 · 1998–2001
这条还没译成中文，下面是英文原文。
Bluetooth won as an open spec five rivals wrote together and gave away royalty-free.
Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia and Toshiba formed a Special Interest Group that published one royalty-free radio spec, so any maker could build it.
Ericsson · Intel · IBM · Nokia · Toshiba
那一手
In the late 1990s mobile phones, laptops and peripherals each came with their own cables and connectors, and travellers had to juggle a pile of proprietary leads. Ericsson had a short-range radio idea and, rather than sell it alone, decided to make it an industry standard.
In early 1998 Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia and Toshiba formed the Bluetooth Special Interest Group, contributing their different strengths - Ericsson the radio, IBM and Toshiba the device integration, Intel the chips and software, Nokia the mobile expertise. They published one open specification and invited the wider industry to adopt it royalty-free.
Version 1.0 came in 1999, and the membership grew into thousands. Because the spec was free and global (2.45GHz ISM band), Bluetooth chips and products appeared across brands, and the single port replaced a bag of cables.
为什么管用
- The open, royalty-free specification removed the licence cost so every vendor could adopt it, not just the founders' allies.
- Running on the globally available 2.45GHz ISM band meant the same device worked worldwide without re-design.
- Pooling the founders' expertise avoided a duplicative race and produced one complete spec rather than several competing ones.
- Once the standard was open, the market of phones, cars and audio makers supplied the ubiquity the founders could not have bought alone.
可以搬走什么
If the fight is for the standard, do not defend your own proprietary device - share the spec royalty-free with your biggest rivals and let the market build it for you.
后来呢
Bluetooth became the default short-range wireless standard, built into phones, laptops, headphones, cars and medical devices, and it kept adding profiles and versions (through Bluetooth 5 and beyond). The open-spec SIG model it pioneered became a template for later collaborative standards.
资料来源
- Telecommunications And PC Technology Leaders Join To Deliver Enhanced Wireless Communications Solutions
- Bluetooth (ACM/IEEE MobiCom'98)
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