案例库 · 战略与领导 · 战略决策 · 2009
这条还没译成中文，下面是英文原文。
India built one free ID any bank could check instantly
India's UIDAI built Aadhaar, a free biometric ID that any bank could verify against, replacing each institution's own costly identity checks.
Unique Identification Authority of India
那一手
Across India, hundreds of millions of people — often the rural, the mobile, and the poor — had no birth certificate, no formal address proof, and no way to satisfy the identity documentation a bank, a mobile carrier, or a government subsidy program required before serving them. Every institution that needed to verify who someone was had to build and run its own separate, costly verification process, and each process independently failed the same population that had no paperwork to offer any of them.
The Unique Identification Authority of India was established January 28, 2009, and Infosys co-founder Nandan Nilekani was appointed its first chairperson that June, with cabinet-minister rank. Nilekani deliberately rejected the two dominant models he saw elsewhere in the world for digital identity infrastructure — full state control, as in China, or a profit-driven public-private partnership, as in the US — and set out to build something structurally different: open, interoperable identity infrastructure owned by neither the state alone nor any private company.
为什么管用
- Each bank previously built its own identity check, duplicating cost.
- Aadhaar provided a single free biometric verification point.
- Any institution could plug in and verify in seconds, eliminating duplication.
- For the undocumented, one enrollment unlocked all services at once.
可以搬走什么
When many institutions each pay to solve the same verification problem, build one shared open infrastructure they all can use.
后来呢
Aadhaar enrolled 1.43 billion people and enabled 500M+ new bank accounts; India says it saved $39.2B in subsidy leakage since 2009. Aadhaar became the world's largest biometric identity system and the technical foundation for India's broader digital public infrastructure, including the UPI payments network, and is studied internationally as a model for identity infrastructure built as an open, shared utility rather than a proprietary system owned by either government or a private company.
资料来源
发现哪里写错了？告诉我们。