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The encyclopedia · Engineering & Operations · Operational decision · 2006–2008

USPS optimized its highway mail network, saving millions a year.

The Postal Service built HCAP, a large-scale integer-programming tool to find cost savings in its surface-transportation network, saving over $5 million a year.

United States Postal Service

the move

The Postal Service carries more than 200 billion items a year, so small inefficiencies in how mail moves by road become large sums.

USPS, IBM and Carnegie Mellon researchers built HCAP, a large-scale integer-programming decision-support tool that identifies cost-savings opportunities across the surface-transportation network.

Analysts use the model, which encodes about 15,000 business constraints per scenario, to choose routes and schedules that cut cost and consolidate highway shipments; it saved over $10 million in its first two years and millions annually.

why it works

  • The mail network was too large to tune by hand
  • One model can weigh routes, capacity and service together
  • Integer programming found consolidation a person would miss
  • Measured: millions a year, over $10 million in two years
the payoffModel the whole surface network to find savingsclever

what transfers

When a network is too large to reason about by hand, a large-scale optimization model that evaluates every routing and scheduling option can surface savings a person would miss.

what came after

HCAP became a standing decision-support tool for postal surface-transportation analysts, and the same optimization approach later spread to other USPS supply-management categories.

references

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