案例库 · 战略与领导 · 战略决策 · 2013
这条还没译成中文，下面是英文原文。
Uber got California to create a new category, bypassing taxi medallions
Uber got California regulators to classify its app-based rides as a new category, exempting it from taxi medallion requirements.
Uber Technologies
那一手
Under California's Public Utilities Code, taxicabs were carved out as the one major form of for-hire transportation still regulated locally, by individual cities and counties — which is how San Francisco came to sell medallions for $250,000 apiece between 2010 and 2016, a price that capped how many cabs could legally operate and protected existing medallion holders from new competition. Lyft had begun operating in San Francisco in May 2012 without any medallion at all, openly outside that local licensing structure.
Rather than lobby San Francisco or other cities to issue more medallions or lower the price, Uber and its allies pushed the fight to a different jurisdiction entirely. San Francisco's mayor effectively handed the question up to the state by embracing ride-hailing companies in his January 2013 State of the City address, moving the regulatory fight from city hall, where the medallion system lived, to the California Public Utilities Commission, a state agency with no medallion program at all.
为什么管用
- Medallion laws applied only to 'taxicabs', not to the activity of driving for money.
- CPUC had authority to define new categories and was open to the distinction.
- By creating the TNC category, the medallion law had no hook to apply to Uber.
- Uber avoided the entire cost structure of the medallion system.
可以搬走什么
If a costly regulation applies to a category you resemble, seek a new legal category rather than better terms inside the old one.
后来呢
CPUC created the TNC category in September 2013; SF medallions later crashed to worthless by 2016 once TNCs operated medallion-free. The TNC category the CPUC created became the template other US states adopted between 2014 and 2019 to regulate Uber and Lyft, and San Francisco's medallion market — once worth $250,000 per unit — collapsed entirely by April 2016 once medallion-free competitors could operate at scale alongside it.
资料来源
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